As the global community accelerates toward net-zero targets, one technology stands out for its ability to tackle two pressing challenges simultaneously: waste management and clean energy generation.
Ikechukwu Offie, discusses the importance of Anaerobic Digestion (AD), the process behind biogas production, has proven transformative in developed nations. Yet, as highlighted in a recent comprehensive review by Ikechukwu Offie and colleagues, its adoption in developing countries remains uneven and, in some cases, nonexistent.
Why Biogas Matters
Biogas technology converts organic waste into renewable energy while producing nutrient-rich digestate for agriculture. This dual benefit supports a circular economy, reduces greenhouse gas emissions, and mitigates climate change impacts. In fact, replacing fossil fuels with biogas can cut emissions by up to 80%, while diverting waste from landfills prevents methane release—a major climate culprit.
The Global Picture
Between 2015 and 2023, Asia led the charge, with China producing a staggering 1,490 MW of biogas energy by 2023. Thailand, Indonesia, and Malaysia also made significant strides. Latin America followed, with Brazil emerging as a regional leader. However, Africa, the Middle East, and parts of Eurasia lagged behind. Shockingly, countries like Nigeria, Ghana, Mali, Sri Lanka, and Palestine reported zero biogas energy generation during the study period.
What’s Holding Us Back?
The barriers are multifaceted:
- Technical: Poor infrastructure, lack of skilled operators, and process instability.
- Economic: High capital costs and inadequate R&D funding.
- Policy: Outdated environmental regulations and weak enforcement.
- Social: Low awareness and cultural stigmas around biogas use.
- Environmental: Risks of leakage and odor issues if systems are poorly managed.
Opportunities for Change
The review recommends integrating AI and IoT technologies into AD systems to optimize performance and detect leaks. It also calls for:
- Stronger policy frameworks and incentives.
- Technical training for operators.
- Partnerships with developed nations for knowledge transfer.
- Incorporating AD concepts into engineering curricula.
Why EIA Members Should Care
For our industry, biogas represents a triple win—environmental stewardship, economic opportunity, and social impact. As governments and businesses seek scalable solutions for climate resilience, AD technology offers a proven pathway. EIA members can lead by:
- Advocating for supportive policies.
- Investing in pilot projects.
- Sharing best practices across borders.
Call to Action:
Is your organisation exploring biogas solutions? Share your experiences and insights with us. Together, we can turn waste into wealth and accelerate the transition to a low-carbon future.